The World of Emotions

Topic: The world of emotions

Expressions: https://wordwall.net/resource/95500548

‘Emotional’ Quiz: https://wordwall.net/resource/95501814

Exercise. Talk about your assumptions or guesses regarding people's emotional states, using the given verb structures and adjectives that express emotions.

Распавядзіце пра свае меркаванні/ згадкі наконт эмацыйных станаў людзей, ужываючы прыведзеныя дзеяслоўныя канструкцыі і прыметнікі, што пазначаюць эмацыйны стан.

• to feel (адчуваць)

She feels anxious. — Яна адчувае трывогу.

• to seem / to seem to be (здавацца)

He seems to be disappointed. — Ён, здаецца, засмучаны.

• to look (выглядаць)

They look surprised. — Яны выглядаюць здзіўленымі.

• to appear (выглядаць, здавацца)

She appears nervous. — Яна выглядае нервовай.

• to be (быць)

He is very joyful. — Ён вельмі радасны.

• to act (паводзіць сябе як)

He acts furious. — Ён паводзіць сябе як раз’юшаны.

• to show signs of (паказваць прыкметы)

She shows signs of envy. — Яна паказвае прыкметы зайздрасці.

• to express (выказваць)

He expresses frustration. — Ён выказвае расчараванне.

• to give the impression of being (стварыць уражанне, што ён/яна...)

She gives the impression of being offended. — Яна стварае ўражанне, што пакрыўджаная.

• to react with (рэагаваць з...)

He reacted with anger. — Ён адрэагаваў гневам.

surprised (здзіўлены), joyful (радасны), angry (злы), peaceful (спакойны), furious (раз’юшаны), thoughtful (задуменны), sceptical (скептычны), cheerful (вясёлы), embarrassed (збянтэжаны), shocked (узрушаны), content (задаволены), miserable (няшчасны, варты жалю), grateful (удзячны), anxious (устрывожаны, заклапочаны), disappointed (засмучаны), confused (збянтэжаны), confident (упэўнены), bored (знуджаны), hopeful (поўны надзеі), nervous (нервовы), jealous (зайздросны), envious (зайздросны, той хто зайздросціць), furious (раз'юшаны), offended (пакрыўджаны), frustrated (расчараваны, злы праз бездапаможнасць), ashamed (засаромлены), relieved (з адчуваннем палёгкі), terrified (ахоплены жахам), disgusted (той каму агідна).

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😌 Adjective or Adverb

Exercise. Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.

(Вылучыце правільнае слова: прыметнік або прыслоўе, каб сказ быў слушным па сэнсе.)

1. She feels anxious / anxiously before every presentation. (Яна адчувае трывогу перад кожнай прэзентацыяй.)
2. He seems to be disappointed / disappointedly with the results. (Ён, здаецца, засмучаны вынікамі.)
3. They looked surprised / surprisingly when we told them the news. (Яны выглядалі здзіўленымі, калі мы паведамілі ім навіну.)
4. She appears nervous / nervously, but she’s prepared. (Яна выглядае нервовай, але яна падрыхтаваная.)
5. He is joyful / joyfully today — I wonder why. (Ён сёння радасны — цікава чаму.)
6. He acted furious / furiously after hearing the decision. (Ён паводзіў сябе як раз’юшаны пасля таго, як даведаўся пра рашэнне.)
7. She shows signs of being jealous / jealously. (Яна паказвае прыкметы зайздрасці.)
8. He expressed himself clearly / clear, though he was frustrated / frustratingly. (Ён выказаўся выразна, хоць быў расчараваны.)
9. She gave the impression of being offended / offendedly, even though no one meant harm. (Яна стварала ўражанне, што пакрыўджаная, хаця ніхто яе не пакрыўдзіў.)
10. He reacted calm / calmly, although the others panicked. (Ён адрэагаваў спакойна, хаця астатнія панікавалі.)
11. She looked at me resentful / resentfully, but didn’t say anything. (Яна зірнула на мяне з крыўдай, але нічога не сказала.)
12. They feel relieved / relievedly after submitting the final report. (Яны адчулі палёгку пасля здачы фінальнага даклада.)
13. He appears ashamed / ashamedly of what he did. (Ён выглядае засаромленым за тое, што зрабіў.)
14. She acted jealous / jealously when she saw us talking. (Яна паводзіла сябе зайздросна, калі ўбачыла, як мы размаўляем.)
15. He reacted with anger / angrily, though the mistake was small. (Ён адрэагаваў гневам, хаця памылка была дробная.)
16. She seems terrified / terrifiedly by the noises outside. (Яна, здаецца, напалоханая шумам звонку.)
17. They looked disgusted / disgustedly when they smelled the food. (Яны выглядалі агіджанымі, калі пачулі пах ежы.)
18. He is offended / offendedly and doesn’t want to talk. (Ён пакрыўджаны і не хоча размаўляць.)
19. You should express your thoughts more clearly / clear. (Табе варта выразней выказваць свае думкі.)
20. She stayed calm / calmly during the argument. (Яна заставалася спакойнай падчас спрэчкі.)
21. He looked peaceful / peacefully while meditating. (Ён выглядаў спакойным падчас медытацыі.)
22. She seems thoughtful / thoughtfully, as if she’s remembering something. (Яна здаецца засяроджанай, нібыта нешта ўспамінае.)
23. He reacted angry / angrily when he heard the bad news. (Ён раззлаваўся, калі пачуў дрэнную навіну.)
24. They acted cheerful / cheerfully despite the stress. (Яны паводзілі сябе вясёла, нягледзячы на стрэс.)
25. She looked embarrassed / embarrassedly when her name was called. (Яна выглядала збянтэжанай, калі яе імя прагучала.)
26. He gave the impression of being shocked / shockedly by the report. (Ён стварыў уражанне, што быў узрушаны справаздачай.)
27. I feel content / contently with the way things are. (Я адчуваю задаволенасць тым, як ідуць справы.)
28. She acted miserable / miserably after the breakup. (Яна паводзіла сябе няшчасна пасля разрыву.)
29. He looked grateful / gratefully when I helped him. (Ён выглядала ўдзячным, калі я яму дапамагла.)
30. She seems hopeful / hopefully that things will get better. (Яна здаецца поўнай надзеі, што ўсё палепшыцца.)

📘 How to Control Your Emotions

(Як кантраляваць свае эмоцыі)

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🟦 Paragraph 1

Sometimes emotions can feel overwhelming, especially in stressful situations. The first step to controlling them is to become aware of what you're feeling and why. Identifying your emotions gives you the power to take a step back and observe instead of reacting immediately. For example, if you feel angry, try asking yourself what caused that emotion and whether it’s worth reacting to straight away.

💬 Reflective Question:

Have you ever reacted emotionally and later realised it would have been better to pause? What would you do differently next time?

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🟦 Paragraph 2

Breathing techniques and mindfulness can be powerful tools for managing emotions. Slowing down your breath helps calm your body and mind, making it easier to think clearly. Mindfulness teaches you to stay present and observe your thoughts without judgement. Practising these regularly can help you stay more balanced in emotionally difficult moments.

💬 Reflective Question:

Do you use any strategies like breathing or mindfulness to calm yourself? If not, would you be willing to try? Why or why not?

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🟦 Paragraph 3

Another useful strategy is to express your emotions in a healthy way. This might include talking to a friend, writing in a journal, or using creative outlets like drawing or music. Suppressing your emotions completely can lead to stress and frustration. It’s important to let them out — but in a way that doesn’t hurt yourself or others.

💬 Reflective Question:

Which healthy ways of expressing emotions work best for you personally? Can you think of a time when they helped?

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🟦 Paragraph 4

Finally, learning to manage your emotions takes time. No one is perfect, and everyone reacts emotionally sometimes. The goal is not to eliminate emotions but to understand them and respond wisely. With patience, practice, and support, emotional control becomes a valuable skill for life, both personally and professionally.

💬 Reflective Question:

How do you think emotional control could help you in your work or studies?

🔹 Warm-up: Have you felt following way this week?

Task: Read each sentence and say whether it happened to you this week.

Reaction options:

1. Yes, I have felt this way this week.
2. No, I haven’t felt this way this week.
3. It hasn’t happened to me this week.

1. I felt a sense of relief 😌 after I finally finished an important task.
2. I had a fear of public speaking 😨 before giving my presentation.
3. I was pleased with myself 😎 after solving a difficult problem.
4. I felt unsure of myself 😕 before answering a tricky question.
5. I laughed until I cried 😂😭 while watching a comedy with my friend.
6. I was deeply upset 😢 after hearing bad news.
7. I was full of enthusiasm 🎉 at the start of a new project.
8. I cried tears of joy 😍😭 when I saw a wonderful surprise.
9. I held a grudge 😠 against someone who ignored me long time.
10. I worried about little things 😟 that didn’t really matter.
11. I struggled to hold back my tears 😢🎬 during a sad film.
12. I was satisfied with the result 😌✅ of my hard work.
13. I felt awkward 😳 in a situation where everyone was
14. looking at me.
15. I was in a panic 😱📱 when I thought I had lost my
16. phone.
17. I doubted my own abilities 🤔 before an important test.
18. I was on an emotional high 😍🚀 after a big success.
19. I bottled up my feelings 🤐 instead of telling the truth.
20. I had mixed feelings 😕🙂 about an unexpected offer.
21. I took a deep breath 🌬😮‍💨 and calmed down after an argument.
22. I took offence 😡 at someone who made a rude comment.

📝 Exercise: Choose the correct form (noun / adjective / adverb / verb)

1. She looked at him with deep _______. a) 😠 hostilely (adv) / b) 😐 hostile (adj) / c) 💥 hostility (n)
2. His sudden _______ surprised even his closest friends. a) 😍 delight (n) / b) 😊 delightful (adj) / c) 🎉 to delight (v)
3. The teacher asked them to speak more _______ during the presentation. a) 📚 confidence (n) / b) 😎 confident (adj) / c) 🗣 confidently (adv) / d) 🤐 to confide (v)
4. The accident caused serious emotional _______. a) 💔 harm (n) / b) ⚠️ harmful (adj) / c) 🚫 harmfully (adv) / d) 🗡 to harm (v)
5. He was _______ by the unexpected results of the test. a) 😢 upset (adj) / b) 😧 upsetting (adj) / c) 💥 to upset (v)
6. They were overwhelmed by a sudden feeling of _______. a) 👻 terror (n) / b) 😱 terrifying (adj) / c) 💀 to terrify (v)
7. She smiled with visible _______ after hearing the praise. a) 😌 satisfaction (n) / b) 👍 satisfactory (adj) / c) 😊 satisfactorily (adv) / d) 🏆 to satisfy (v)
8. He answered in such a _______ way that everyone laughed. a) 🤡 foolishness (n) / b) 🙃 foolish (adj) / c) 😂 foolishly (adv)
9. The child expressed his _______ through drawings and poems. a) ❤️ desire (n) / b) 💎 desirable (adj) / c) 🔥 to desire (v)
10. Her _______ attitude helped her deal with stressful situations. a) 💪 self-assurance (n) / b) 🙂 self-assured (adj) / c) 😎 self-assuredly (adv)
11. She looked at the painting with great _______. a) 🌌 awe (n) / b) 🌟 awesome (adj) / c) 🤩 awesomely (adv)
12. The boy blushed _______ when everyone looked at him. a) 😳 embarrassed (adj) / b) 🙈 embarrassment (n) / c) 🙃 embarrass (v) / d) 😅 embarrassingly (adv)
13. His _______ was obvious when he could not decide what to do. a) ❓ uncertainty (n) / b) 🤔 uncertain (adj) / c) 😕 uncertainly (adv)
14. She spoke so _______ that everyone admired her courage. a) 🦁 bold (adj) / b) 💥 boldly (adv) / c) 🚀 embolden (v)
15. They felt enormous _______ when their team finally won. a) 🏅 pride (n) / b) 🤩 proud (adj) / c) 😌 proudly (adv)
16. His constant _______ made people feel uncomfortable. a) 😬 nervousness (n) / b) 😟 nervous (adj) / c) 😰 nervously (adv)
17. The movie left the audience deeply _______. a) 😭 moved (adj) / b) 🎥 moving (adj) / c) 🏃 to move (v)
18. He behaved in an extremely _______ way at the meeting. a) 😠 hostile (adj) / b) 💥 hostility (n) / c) 😡 hostilely (adv)
19. The teacher’s _______ of the project disappointed the students. a) 🚫 disapproval (n) / b) 🙄 disapproving (adj) / c) 😒 disapprovingly (adv)
20. They reacted _______ to the sudden announcement. a) 😯 sudden (adj) / b) ⚡ suddenly (adv) / c) 🔄 suddenness (n)
21. The mother expressed her _______ for her child’s success. a) 🙏 thankfulness (n) / b) 🙂 thankful (adj) / c) 😌 thankfully (adv)
22. His _______ created serious misunderstandings among the group. a) 😵 confusion (n) / b) 😕 confused (adj) / c) 🔄 to confuse (v)
23. The speech was so _______ that everyone applauded. a) 🌟 inspiring (adj) / b) 📖 inspirational (adj) / c) 🔥 to inspire (v)
24. The child ran away in complete _______. a) 😨 fear (n) / b) 😟 fearful (adj) / c) 😰 fearfully (adv)
25. She greeted her guests _______ and warmly. a) 😍 delighted (adj) / b) 😊 delightedly (adv) / c) 🎉 delight (n)

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📝 Questions for discussion (A1–A2)

1. When are you usually in a good mood? 🙂 (Калі Вы звычайна бываеце ў добрым настроі?)
2. Have you ever lost your temper 😡 with a friend or family member? (Ці здаралася Вам страціць цярпенне з сябрам або ў сям’і?)
3. What makes you feel over the moon 🌙 with happiness? (Што робіць Вас надзвычай шчаслівым/шчаслівай?)
4. Do you sometimes worry about little things 😟 that are not important? (Ці бывае, што Вы перажываеце з-за дробязяў, якія не важныя?)
5. Can you describe a moment when you cried tears of joy 😭😍? (Ці можаце Вы апісаць момант, калі плакалі ад шчасця?)
6. What do you do to keep your emotions under control 🧘 when you are angry? (Што Вы робіце, каб трымаць эмоцыі пад кантролем, калі злуецеся?)
7. Do you sometimes feel unsure of yourself 🤔 before speaking in class? (Ці здаралася Вам адчуваць няўпэўненасць перад тым, як выступаць у класе?)
8. When was the last time you were satisfied with the result ✅ of your work? (Калі апошні раз Вы былі задаволены вынікам сваёй працы?)
9. How do you usually calm down 😌 — do you take a deep breath or do something else? (Як Вы звычайна супакойваецеся — робіце глыбокі ўдых ці нешта іншае?)
10. Have you ever had mixed feelings 🤯 about a person or a situation? (Ці здаралася Вам мець змешаныя пачуцці адносна чалавека або сітуацыі?)

📝 Exercise: Answer the questions

👉 Пастаўце словы ў правільным парадку і складзіце поўны адказ.

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1. When are you usually in a good mood? 🙂 👉 weekend / I / am / usually / good / in / mood / the / at
2. Have you ever lost your temper 😡 with a friend or family member? 👉 yes / once / lost / I / temper / my / with / sister / my
3. What makes you feel over the moon 🌙 with happiness? 👉 moon / over / I / the / feel / when / prize / big / win / I / a
4. Do you sometimes worry about little things 😟 that are not important? 👉 worry / things / little / important / not / I / sometimes / about / are
5. Can you describe a moment when you cried tears of joy 😭😍? 👉 tears / I / joy / cried / of / passed / my / exam / when / I
6. What do you do to keep your emotions under control 🧘 when you are angry? 👉 deep / I / breath / a / take / emotions / my / control / keep / and
7. Do you sometimes feel unsure of yourself 🤔 before speaking in class? 👉 unsure / class / before / I / of / myself / speaking / sometimes / feel / in
8. When was the last time you were satisfied with the result ✅ of your work? 👉 yesterday / satisfied / work / my / I / with / was / of / the / result
9. How do you usually calm down 😌 — do you take a deep breath or do something else? 👉 calm / listen / I / I / to / music / usually / down / when
10. Have you ever had mixed feelings 🤯 about a person or a situation? 👉 yes / mixed / I / feelings / about / situation / had / a
11. When was the last time you felt excited 🎉 about something? 👉 excited / was / I / holiday / my / about / last / summer
12. Do you sometimes laugh until you cry 😂😭 with your friends? 👉 yes / laugh / I / my / until / I / cry / friends / with
13. Have you ever been deeply upset 😢 after bad news? 👉 deeply / upset / was / after / news / I / bad / very
14. Do you ever feel awkward 😳 in front of many people? 👉 awkward / many / in / feel / I / front / of / sometimes / people
15. What helps you feel a sense of relief 😌 after stress? 👉 relief / a / music / listening / feel / sense / I / when / to
16. Have you ever been in a panic 😱 about something important? 👉 panic / I / about / in / was / once / something / important
17. Do you sometimes doubt your own abilities 🤔? 👉 doubt / sometimes / I / abilities / own / my
18. When do you usually feel full of enthusiasm 🎇? 👉 enthusiasm / start / feel / of / I / new / project / full / at / the
19. Do you ever try to bottle up your feelings 🤐? 👉 feelings / I / bottle / my / sometimes / up / try
20. What do you do when you take offence 😡 at someone’s words? 👉 offence / I / words / rude / take / sometimes / someone’s / at

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Part 2. Vocabulary in Context

Complete the sentences with the correct word from the list:

(relief, despair, enthusiasm, anger, confidence, frustration, gratitude, sorrow, excitement, nervousness)

1. I was full of __________ 🤩 when I started my new project.
2. She burst into tears of __________ 😭 when she heard the sad news.
3. After waiting for hours, he felt only __________ 😡 at the delay.
4. When I passed the exam, I felt great __________ 😌.
5. The little boy was shaking with __________ 😬 before his school play.
6. I want to express my __________ 🙏 to you for your help.
7. After many failures, she was in complete __________ 😞.
8. His face was red with __________ 😠 after the argument.
9. With strong __________ 💪, she answered every question.
10. The player showed great __________ 🤩 when his team won the match.

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📝 Exercise: Put the verb in the correct form (active voice)

(25 sentences, mixed tenses: Present, Past, Future; Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous)

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1. She ______ (feel) a great sense of relief 😌 after the exam.
2. I ______ (laugh) until I cried while we watched the comedy yesterday.
3. They usually ______ (hold) a grudge 😒 for a long time.
4. He ______ (not / be) satisfied 😌 with the result last week.
5. When I entered the room, everybody ______ (look) at me with hostility 😠.
6. She already ______ (cry) tears of joy 😍 before I told her the news.
7. By next year, I ______ (gain) enough confidence 💪 to speak in public.
8. At that moment, I ______ (panic) 😰 because I thought I had lost my phone.
9. He usually ______ (express) his gratitude 🙏 after getting help.
10. She ______ (not / doubt) herself when she was younger.
11. I ______ (feel) deep sorrow 😞 since my friend left.
12. They ______ (bottle up) 🤐 their feelings instead of sharing them.
13. He suddenly ______ (burst) into anger 😡 during the meeting.
14. When we arrived, she ______ (struggle) to hold back her tears 😭.
15. I ______ (take) offence 😤 at his rude comment yesterday.
16. She usually ______ (calm) down quickly after an argument.
17. For three days, I ______ (worry) 😰 about little things that didn’t matter.
18. He often ______ (doubt) his own abilities before important tests.
19. By the time you arrive, I ______ (already / finish) my presentation.
20. They ______ (cheer) loudly when the player scored — full of excitement 🤩.
21. I ______ (be) on an emotional high 🌙 all week after my success.
22. We ______ (feel) awkward 😳 yesterday when everyone looked at us.
23. I ______ (try) to overcome my fear of public speaking 😱 for many years.
24. She ______ (smile) with pride 🏆 as she watched her child perform.
25. By the end of the year, they ______ (experience) many moments of frustration 😡 but also joy 😍.

✍️ Exercise. Translate the words in brackets into English.

1. She feels (здзіўленаю) when she hears unexpected news.
2. He is smiling and seems (радасны).
3. She is sitting in a yellow sweater and shows signs of (злосць).
4. This woman appears (шчаслівая).
5. The man is shouting because he is (засмучаны).
6. She leaned on her hand because she felt (стомленасць).
7. The girl in the striped shirt clearly acts (раз’юшаная).
8. The guy in the yellow shirt is laughing and looks (вясёлы).
9. The woman in the burgundy shirt hides her face because she gives the impression of being (збянтэжаная).
10. He was very nervous and reacted with (паніка).
11. She was amazed and felt (палёгку) when everything was over.
12. He felt (страх) before an important presentation.
13. She cried with (радасць) and clearly expressed her feelings.
14. The man bottled up his (пачуцці) instead of telling the truth, but he still seemed (устрывожаны).
15. She had (змешаныя пачуцці) about the unexpected offer.
16. He was worried about little things and appeared (няпэўны).
17. The girl held a (крыўду) and always acted like (пакрыўджаная).
18. After the argument she took a deep breath and seemed (спакойная).
19. He was (задаволены) after finishing his work.
20. She looked (скептычная) before answering a tricky question.

📝 Exercise. How would you feel?

👉 Example:

Situation: You studied hard for your exam and got the highest grade.

Possible emotions: over the moon / proud / satisfied

Answer: I would feel over the moon because I got the highest grade.

1. You missed your bus and had to wait in the rain for half an hour. Possible emotions: frustrated / in despair / angry
2. Your best friend organised a surprise party for your birthday. Possible emotions: over the moon / excited / tears of joy
3. A stranger took your seat on the bus without asking. Possible emotions: furious / offended / hostile
4. You got excellent feedback from your teacher. Possible emotions: proud / satisfied / pleased with yourself
5. You lost your phone for two hours and then found it at home. Possible emotions: in a panic / relieved / anxious
6. You had a long argument with a friend and didn’t speak for days. Possible emotions: down in the dumps / to hold a grudge / upset
7. Everyone was looking at you while you were giving a presentation. Possible emotions: nervous / embarrassed / unsure of yourself
8. You received unexpected bad news. Possible emotions: deeply upset / in despair / sorrow
9. You saw a very sad film and couldn’t hold back your tears. Possible emotions: moved / upset / struggling to hold back tears
10. You won a big prize in a competition. Possible emotions: over the moon / excited / on an emotional high
11. Your classmate ignored you on purpose. Possible emotions: offended / jealous / to hold a grudge
12. You worked hard and finally finished a big project. Possible emotions: satisfied / relieved / proud
13. 13 Someone made a rude comment about you. Possible emotions: furious / to take offence / angry
14. You had to make arrangements with somebody but they cancelled at the last moment. Possible emotions: frustrated / disappointed / angry
15. You were asked a very difficult question and didn’t know the answer. Possible emotions: at a loss / confused / anxious

https://wordwall.net/resource/96336104

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📘 Grammar: Participial Adjectives (Adjectives with –ed and –ing)

Participial adjectives – прыметнікі, утвораныя ад дзеепрыметнікаў.

• суфікс –ed паказвае, што хтосьці перажывае пэўны стан;
• суфікс –ing паказвае, што штосьці спрычыняе пэўны стан

👉 Параўнай:

• She is excited. (Яна ўзрушаная, ёй цікава.)
• The film is exciting. (Фільм захапляльны, ён прымушае адчуваць эмоцыі.)

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2. Розніца паміж –ed і –ing

• –ed adjectives → subjective feelings (асабістыя пачуцці, унутранае ўспрыманне). I was embarrassed. (Мне было сорамна.) He felt disappointed. (Ён адчуваў расчараванне.)
• –ing adjectives → objective qualities (якасць таго, што выклікае пачуцці). The situation was embarrassing. (Сітуацыя збянтэжвала.) The results were disappointing. (Вынікі расчасроўвалі. ----

3. Іншыя прыклады:

• I was bored during the lecture. (Мне было нудна падчас лекцыі.)
• The lecture was boring. (Лекцыя была нудная.)
• She felt frustrated after the meeting. (Яна адчувала сябе расчараванай пасля сустрэчы.)
• The meeting was frustrating. (Сустрэча была расчаравальная.)
• He was embarrassed by the comment. (Ён быў збянтэжаны заўвагай.)
• The comment was embarrassing. (Заўвага была збянтэжваючая.)
• They were excited before the trip. (Яны былі ўсхваляваныя перад паездкай.)
• The trip was exciting. (Паездка была захапляльная.)
• She looked relaxed after the yoga class. (Яна выглядала спакойнай пасля заняткаў ёгай.)
• The yoga class was relaxing. (Занятак ёгай быў супакойваючы.)
• I was annoyed by his behaviour. (Я быў раздражнёны яго паводзінамі.)
• His behaviour was annoying. (Яго паводзіны былі раздражняльныя.)
• He felt satisfied with the result. (Ён адчуваў сябе задаволеным вынікам.)
• The result was satisfying. (Вынік быў задавальняльны.)

📝 Exercise: –ed or –ing adjectives

👉 Instruction: Complete each sentence with the correct form of the adjective (–ed or –ing).

(Інструкцыя: запоўні кожны сказ правільнай формай прыметніка з суфіксам –ed або –ing.)

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1. The motivational speech was truly ______ (inspire). (Матывацыйная прамова была сапраўды натхняльная.)

a) inspired

b) inspiring

2. The joke was very ______ (amuse). (Жарт быў вельмі вясёлы, забаўны.)

a) amused

b) amusing

3. She looked ______ (amuse) when she heard the joke. (Яна выглядала забаўленай, калі пачула жарт.)

a) amused

b) amusing

4. The child looked ______ (confuse) by the difficult question. (Дзіця выглядала збянтэжаным складаным пытаннем.)

a) confused

b) confusing

5. The situation was extremely ______ (embarrass) for everyone. (Сітуацыя была надзвычай збянтэжваючай для ўсіх.)

a) embarrassed

b) embarrassing

6. He was absolutely ______ (amaze) by the surprise party. (Ён быў абсалютна здзіўлены вечарынкай-сюрпрызам.)

a) amazed

b) amazing

7. The journey was so long and ______ (tire). (Паездка была такая доўгая і стамляльная.)

a) tired

b) tiring

8. The lecture was so ______ (bore) that many students fell asleep. (Лекцыя была такая нудная, што многія студэнты заснулі.)

a) bored

b) boring

9. The instructions were so ______ (confuse) that nobody understood them. (Інструкцыі былі такія збянтэжваючыя, што ніхто іх не зразумеў.)

a) confused

b) confusing

10. He felt ______ (frustrate) when his plans were cancelled. (Ён адчуваў сябе расчараваным, калі яго планы былі скасаваныя.)

a) frustrated

b) frustrating

11. She looked ______ (terrify) when she heard the strange noise. (Яна выглядала напалоханай, калі пачула дзіўны гук.)

a) terrified

b) terrifying

12. I felt ______ (disappoint) when I didn’t get the job. (Я адчуваў сябе расчараваным, калі не атрымаў працу.)

a) disappointed

b) disappointing

13. The film was very ______ (excite). (Фільм быў вельмі захапляльны.)

a) excited

b) exciting

14. The comment was very ______ (embarrass). (Заўвага вельмі збянтэжыла.)

a) embarrassed

b) embarrassing

15. His behaviour was ______ (annoy). (Яго паводзіны былі раздражняльныя.)

a) annoyed

b) annoying

16. She felt very ______ (relax) after the yoga class. (Яна адчувала сябе вельмі спакойнай пасля заняткаў ёгай.)

a) relaxed

b) relaxing

17. The book was so ______ (move) that I cried at the end. (Кніга была такая кранальная, што я плакаў у канцы.)

a) moved

b) moving

18. They felt ______ (depress) after the disappointing results. (Яны адчувалі сябе прыгнечанымі пасля расчаравальных вынікаў.)

a) depressed

b) depressing

19. The lecture about emotions was really ______ (interest). (Лекцыя пра эмоцыі была сапраўды цікавая.)

a) interested

b) interesting

20. He was ______ (please) with the teacher’s feedback. (Ён быў задаволены водгукам настаўніка.)

a) pleased

b) pleasing

21. The results were so ______ (depress) that nobody smiled. (Вынікі былі такія прыгнятаючыя, што ніхто не ўсміхнуўся.)

a) depressed

b) depressing

22. The students were ______ (inspire) by the motivational speech. (Студэнты былі натхнёныя матывацыйнай прамовай.)

a) inspired

b) inspiring

23. She felt ______ (embarrass) when she forgot her words during the presentation. (Яна адчувала сябе збянтэжанай, калі забылася словы падчас прэзентацыі.)

a) embarrassed

b) embarrassing

24. The teacher’s comments were very ______ (please). (Каментары настаўніка былі вельмі прыемныя.)

a) pleased

b) pleasing

25. He was really ______ (satisfy) with his exam result. (Ён быў сапраўды задаволены вынікам свайго экзамену.)

a) satisfied

b) satisfying

26. The horror film was extremely ______ (terrify). (Фільм жахаў быў надзвычай палохаючы.)

a) terrified

b) terrifying

27. The news was absolutely ______ (shock). (Навіны былі абсалютна шакавальныя.)

a) shocked

b) shocking

28. He was ______ (confuse) by the complicated instructions. (Ён быў збянтэжаны складанымі інструкцыямі.)

a) confused

b) confusing

29. They were ______ (interest) in the lecture about emotions. (Яны былі зацікаўленыя лекцыяй пра эмоцыі.)

a) interested

b) interesting

30. She was deeply ______ (upset) after hearing the bad news. (Яна адчувала сябе моцна засмучанай пасля дрэнных навінаў.)

a) upset

b) upsetting

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📝 Exercise. Prepositions in Emotion Phrases

👉 Instruction: Complete each sentence with the correct preposition.

(Інструкцыя: устаў правільны прыназоўнік у кожным сказе.)

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1. She looked ___ him angrily when he interrupted her. (Яна зірнула на яго з гневам, калі ён яе перапыніў.)

a) at

b) on

c) to

2. He still holds a grudge ___ his neighbour for something that happened years ago. (Ён усё яшчэ трымае крыўду на свайго суседа за тое, што здарылася гады таму.)

a) to

b) against

c) with

3. I always laugh ___ her jokes, even when they aren’t very funny. (Я заўсёды смяюся з яе жартаў, нават калі яны не вельмі вясёлыя.)

a) on

b) at

c) from

4. She was really pleased ___ the result of her hard work. (Яна была сапраўды задаволеная вынікам сваёй цяжкай працы.)

a) by

b) with

c) on

5. He often worries ___ little things that don’t matter. (Ён часта перажывае праз дробязі, якія не маюць значэння.)

a) about

b) for

c) from

6. She was proud ___ her daughter’s success. (Яна ганарылася поспехам сваёй дачкі.)

a) in

b) of

c) on

7. They were excited ___ the upcoming trip. (Яны былі ўсхваляваныя будучай паездкай.)

a) about

b) on

c) for

8. He is always jealous ___ his brother’s achievements. (Ён заўсёды зайздросціць дасягненням свайго брата.)

a) of

b) for

c) at

9. She was deeply upset ___ the bad news. (Яна была вельмі засмучаная дрэннымі навінамі.)

a) about

b) of

c) on

10. He reacted ___ anger when he heard the unfair decision. (Ён адрэагаваў гневам, калі пачуў несправядлівае рашэнне.)

a) in

b) with

c) by

11. She often takes offence ___ small remarks. (Яна часта крыўдзіцца на дробныя заўвагі.)

a) at

b) on

c) with

12. They were confused ___ the complicated instructions. (Яны былі збянтэжаныя складанымі інструкцыямі.)

a) by

b) from

c) at

13. I’m grateful ___ you for your support. (Я ўдзячны табе за тваю падтрымку.)

a) for

b) to

c) with

14. He suffers ___ anxiety before every presentation. (Ён пакутуе ад трывожнасці перад кожнай прэзентацыяй.)

a) of

b) from

c) by

15. She calmed down after talking ___ her friend. (Яна супакоілася пасля размовы са сваёй сяброўкай.)

a) with

b) to

c) at

16. They were ashamed ___ their rude behaviour. (Яны саромеліся сваіх грубых паводзінаў.)

a) about

b) on

c) of

17. He looked ___ her with admiration. (Ён глядзеў на яе з захапленнем.)

a) for

b) at

c) on

18. She doubted herself and felt unsure ___ her abilities. (Яна сумнявалася ў сабе і адчувала няўпэўненасць у сваіх здольнасцях.)

a) of

b) about

c) in

19. They were satisfied ___ the outcome of the project. (Яны былі задаволеныя вынікам праекта.)

a) for

b) with

c) by

20. He attached great importance ___ honesty in relationships. (Ён надаваў вялікую важнасць шчырасці ў адносінах.)

a) with

b) to

c) for

21. She felt relieved ___ finishing the difficult exam. (Яна адчула палёгку пасля таго, як скончыла цяжкі экзамен.)

a) after

b) of

c) from

22. He always bottles up his feelings instead of talking ___ someone. (Ён заўсёды стрымлівае свае пачуцці замест таго, каб пагаварыць з кімсьці.)

a) to

b) on

c) at

23. The workers were in despair ___ the company’s sudden closure. (Рабочыя былі ў роспачы з-за раптоўнага закрыцця кампаніі.)

a) about

b) of

c) in

24. She smiled proudly ___ her son’s performance. (Яна ганарліва ўсміхнулася падчас выступлення свайго сына.)

a) during

b) at

c) to

25. He was angry ___ his colleague for taking credit for his work. (Ён злаваўся на калегу за тое, што той прысвоіў сабе яго працу.)

a) with

b) at

c) to

26. They were thrilled ___ the opportunity to travel abroad. (Яны былі ўзрушаныя магчымасцю паехаць за мяжу.)

a) about

b) in

c) from

27. She felt insecure ___ her appearance at the party. (Яна адчувала няўпэўненасць у сваёй знешнасці на вечарынцы.)

a) about

b) in

c) with

28. He reacted ___ joy when he heard the good news. (Ён адрэагаваў радасцю, калі пачуў добрыя навіны.)

a) with

b) in

c) on

29. I was shocked ___ how rude he was. (Я быў шакаваны тым, наколькі ён быў грубы.)

a) by

b) with

c) of

30. She is hopeful ___ finding a better job soon. (Яна поўная надзеі хутка знайсці лепшую працу.)

a) about

b) for

c) in

📝 Exercise: Giving Advice in Emotional Situations

👉 Instruction: Read each situation and give advice to the person. Use phrases like: You should… / If I were you, I would… / Try to… / Don’t forget to…

😡 Anna is absolutely furious because someone took her seat without asking.

(Анна абсалютна раз’юшаная, бо нехта заняў яе месца без дазволу.)

😔 Peter feels down in the dumps after a disappointing conversation.

(Пётр у скрусе пасля расчаравальнай размовы.)

😨 Maria is in a panic because she thinks she has lost her phone.

(Марыя ў паніцы, бо думае, што страціла тэлефон.)

😃😰 James is thrilled about his new job but also very nervous.

(Джэймс у захапленні ад новай працы, але таксама вельмі нервуецца.)

😒 Volga keeps holding a grudge against her friend for something small.

(Вольга працягвае трымаць крыўду на сябра з-за дробязі.)

😟 Michael feels insecure and unsure of himself before an important test.

(Майкл адчувае няўпэўненасць у сабе перад важным тэстам.)

😤 Sofia bottled up her feelings during the meeting and now feels frustrated.

(Сафія стрымала свае эмоцыі падчас сустрэчы і цяпер адчувае расчараванне.)

😢 Daniel is deeply upset after receiving bad news.

(Даніэль моцна засмучаны пасля таго, як атрымаў дрэнныя навіны.)

😳 Kate feels embarrassed because she forgot her words during the presentation.

(Кейт збянтэжаная, бо забыла словы падчас прэзентацыі.)

🥳 Victor is over the moon after winning a big prize.

(Віктар надзвычай шчаслівы пасля таго, як выйграў вялікі прыз.

🐾 Exercise: Emotions of Animals

👉 Instruction: Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct emotion word. You can also use your own options.

Word bank: cheerful, furious, down in the dumps, relaxed, anxious, satisfied, angry, calm, peaceful, frightened, upset, proud, over the moon, nervous, grateful

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1. 🙂 The dog looks very __________, because his owner has just given him food and stroked him. (Сабачка выглядае вельмі __________, бо гаспадар толькі што яго пачаставаў і пагладзіў.)
2. 😾 The cat seems absolutely __________, because nobody shared food with him. (Кот выглядае __________, таму што ніхто не падзяліўся з ім ежай.)
3. 🐘 The elephant is clearly __________, because his friends went away without him. (Слонік відавочна __________, таму што яго сябры пайшлі без яго.)
4. 🦥 The sloth looks __________, because he finally has time to rest. (Лянівець выглядае __________, бо нарэшце мае час адпачыць.)
5. 🐭 The mouse looks __________, because she has just heard a strange noise. (Мышка выглядае __________, бо яна толькі што пачула дзіўны шум.)
6. 🐰 The first rabbit seems __________, as if he is thinking about something pleasant. (Першы зайчык выглядае __________, нібыта ён думае пра нешта прыемнае.)
7. 🐗 The boar looks __________, because he has found a lot of food. (Кабанчык выглядае __________, бо ён знайшоў шмат ежы.)
8. 🦌 The deer is obviously __________, because someone took his place. (Аленік відавочна __________, таму што нехта заняў яго месца.)
9. 🐍 The snake looks very __________, because nobody is disturbing her. (Змейка выглядае вельмі __________, бо ніхто яе не турбуе.)
10. 🦉 The owl seems __________, because she has just finished her night hunt. (Сава выглядае __________, таму што яна толькі што скончыла сваю начную паляванне.)
11. 🦔 The hedgehog looks __________, because he shows confidence and joy. (Вожык выглядае __________, бо ён паказвае ўпэўненасць і радасць.)
12. 🐇 The second rabbit looks __________, because his friends made him a surprise. (Другі зайчык выглядае __________, бо яго сябры зрабілі яму сюрпрыз.)

📘 Relative Pronouns — who / which / that

English (rule & example)	Беларуская (правіла і прыклад)
🙂 who – for people (subject/object). The friend who kept his emotions under control helped me.	🙂 who – для людзей (дзейнік/дадатак). Сябар, які трымаў эмоцыі пад кантролем, дапамог мне.
🐾 which – for things/animals; often in non-defining clauses with commas. The film, which made me laugh until I cried, was great.	🐾 which – для прадметаў/жывёл; часта ў невызначальных даданых сказах з коскамі. Фільм, які прымусіў мяне смяяцца да слёз, быў выдатны.
🔗 that – for people & things in defining clauses; esp. after the only, the first, the reason, everything…. The news that made me over the moon arrived today.	🔗 that – для людзей і рэчаў у вызначальных даданых сказах; асабліва пасля the only, the first, the reason…. Навіна, якая зрабіла мяне вельмі шчаслівым, прыйшла сёння.
!!! 🚫 Non-defining (with commas): that is NOT used — choose who/which.	🚫 У невызначальных даданых сказах (з коскамі) that не ўжываецца — толькі who/which.

Remember!

Defining	Non-defining
Do you know anyone who/that speaks French and Italian? Barbara works for a company which/that makes furniture.	John, who (не that) speaks French and Italian, works as a tourist guide. Colin told me about his new job, which (не that) he’s enjoying very much.

🧠 Exercise: Insert who / which / that

1. 😌 The friend ___ kept his emotions under control helped me calm down.
2. 🌙 The news ___ made me over the moon came from my teacher.
3. 😂 The comedy, ___ made me laugh until I cried, was about school life.
4. 😡 The person ___ lost his temper apologized later.
5. 😟 The thing ___ makes you worry about little things is tiredness.
6. 🤧 My classmate ___ is allergic always takes a deep breath before speaking.
7. 😕 The question, ___ left me at a loss, was unexpected.
8. 📱 The teacher ___ we keep in touch with gave advice about keeping emotions under control.
9. 😢 The decision ___ made me deeply upset was unfair.
10. 🤔 The girl ___ seemed unsure of herself did very well.
11. 🎉 The project ___ filled us with enthusiasm was about emotions.
12. 🤝 The friend, ___ I was in touch with all week, helped me calm down.
13. 📣 The reason ___ I felt in a panic was simple.
14. 🧩 The idea, ___ I doubted at first, turned out great.
15. 🤐 The person ___ bottled up his feelings finally talked to us.
16. 🎬 The film, ___ we watched yesterday, gave me mixed feelings.
17. 😠 The comment ___ made me take offence was unnecessary.
18. 🔥 The student ___ was absolutely furious later apologised.
19. 📅 The only arrangements ___ we made were about time.
20. 🧑‍🏫 The teacher ___ gave me excellent feedback was calm and kind.
21. ✅ The one ___ seemed the best gave me relief.
22. ♻️ The habit, ___ I want to change, is holding a grudge.
23. 🌍 The friend ___ I keep in touch with lives abroad.
24. 📨 The message ___ made me pleased with myself came from my coach.
25. 🧠 The story, ___ we reflected on in class, was inspiring.
26. 🌬️ The boy ___ took a deep breath finally spoke with confidence.
27. 🧘 The tip ___ helps me keep emotions under control is simple.
28. 😍 The moment ___ I cried tears of joy was unforgettable.
29. 🎤 The fear of public speaking, ___ many students have, is common.
30. 🏁 The answer ___ left me satisfied with the result was short.

Repetition of Words: https://wordwall.net/bg/resource/96637927

Emotions in Autumn

📝 Exercise. Read the text carefully. After each paragraph, answer the personal question in 2–3 sentences.

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🍂 When autumn arrives, many people notice that their emotions become more intense. Some feel thrilled 🤩 or even delighted 😃 by the colours of falling leaves, while others feel melancholy 😔 or nostalgic 🕰️ as days get shorter. Scientists say that less sunlight may make us feel down in the dumps or even anxious 😟. Still, autumn can also inspire creativity, because quiet evenings often give people more time to reflect and write ✍️.

❓ How do you usually feel when the days become shorter in autumn?

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🌧️ Rainy days often create a mixed atmosphere. On the one hand, the sound of raindrops can help us feel serene 😌 and calm down. On the other hand, constant rain may make us frustrated 😤, resentful 😒 or even furious 😡 when our plans are ruined. Psychologists explain that our brain reacts strongly to changes in light and sound, which is why weather can influence our mood so deeply.

❓ Do rainy days make you more calm or more annoyed? Why?

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🔥 Autumn is also the season of strong contrasts. Some people feel over the moon 😁 when they start something new, like a job or a course, while others feel jealous 😒 or even insecure 😟 when they see others succeeding. At the same time, colder evenings often bring families together around a warm meal, which makes people grateful 🙏 and pleased with their close relationships. For others, however, the darker season can trigger a sense of loneliness 🕯️.

❓ What activities in autumn make you feel most grateful or connected to others?

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🌬️ However, many people tend to bottle up their feelings 🤐 in autumn, not sharing them with friends. The reason is simple: when the world outside looks grey, people sometimes believe that nobody wants to hear about their sadness. Yet, experts recommend not to hold a grudge or stay resentful about small things. Talking to someone you trust can help you feel less overwhelmed 😥 and more hopeful 🌟.

❓ Do you usually share your feelings with others in autumn, or do you keep them inside?

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🌙 Finally, autumn teaches us balance. While it is easy to worry about 🍂 exams, work or the future, autumn nights also remind us of the importance of rest. People who practise mindfulness or spend time in nature often feel satisfied with themselves and even serene 😌, despite the darker season. Autumn, with all its ups and downs, gives us a chance to reflect, recharge and prepare for new beginnings with a hopeful heart 💫.

❓ What helps you personally to stay balanced and positive in autumn?

📝 Exercise: My Emotions — True or False

👉 Read each statement. Decide if it could describe your emotions this week.

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1. ✅😌 I felt satisfied because I finally fulfilled all my important work tasks.
2. 🔥😡 I became absolutely furious when someone unfairly criticised my presentation without reason.
3. 😞🕳️ I was down in the dumps after a disappointing conversation with a friend.
4. 🌙🤩 I felt over the moon when I received unexpected but wonderful news.
5. 😕🤔 I was at a loss when asked a question beyond my expertise.
6. 😬😟 I felt deeply insecure before presenting my project in front of many people.
7. 😢😭 I struggled to hold back tears during an emotionally moving documentary film.
8. 😳🙈 I was embarrassed because I forgot essential details while answering in class.
9. 😨📱 I fell into a panic when I thought I had lost my phone.
10. 🙏😌 I experienced enormous relief after successfully completing the assignment under strict deadlines.
11. 🧘🙂 I kept my emotions under control despite the stressful group discussion.
12. 😠👀 I took offence at a rude comment someone made behind my back.
13. 🎉🚀 I was on an emotional high after my team finally won.
14. 😟🔄 I worried about little things that didn’t truly matter in the end.
15. 🤐😞 I bottled up my feelings instead of admitting my disappointment openly.

🧠 Science of Emotions — True or False

👉 Read each statement about emotions. Decide if it is True or False.

1. 🙂 Emotions always combine bodily reactions with personal psychological experiences. (Эмоцыі заўсёды спалучаюць рэакцыі цела з асабістым псіхалагічным досведам.)
2. 😕 Joy and gratitude usually weaken the immune system during stressful situations. (Радасць і ўдзячнасць звычайна аслабляюць імунную сістэму падчас стрэсу.)
3. 😞 Despair often reduces motivation, blocks creativity, and weakens social ties. (Роспач часта зніжае матывацыю, блакуе творчасць і аслабляе сацыяльныя сувязі.)
4. 😰 A little anxiety can sometimes sharpen focus and boost performance. (Невялікая трывожнасць часам узмацняе ўвагу і павышае выніковасць.)
5. 😂 Laughter has no real impact on stress levels or mood. (Смех не мае рэальнага ўплыву на ўзровень стрэсу ці настрой.)
6. 🧘 Mindfulness helps people manage emotions more effectively under stress. (Усвядомленасць дапамагае людзям больш эфектыўна кіраваць эмоцыямі пры стрэсе.)
7. 😡 Holding a grudge lowers cortisol and improves heart health. (Трыманне крыўды паніжае кортізол і паляпшае працу сэрца.)
8. 🌊 Calmness is linked with lower blood pressure and steadier breathing. (Спакой звязаны з ніжэйшым крывяным ціскам і больш роўным дыханнем.)
9. 🔥 Intense anger often disrupts rational thinking and sound decision-making. (Моцная злосць часта парушае рацыянальнае мысленне і прыняцце рашэнняў.)
10. 😬 Restlessness is seldom related to sleep problems or daytime exhaustion. (Неспакой рэдка мае дачыненне да праблем са сном ці дзённай стомы.)
11. 🤯 Overwhelming emotions often lead to impulsive and risky decisions. (Празмерныя эмоцыі часта вядуць да імпульсіўных і рызыкоўных рашэнняў.)
12. ⚖️ Equanimity means staying calm and balanced even in times of crisis. (Раўнавага азначае захаванне спакою і балансу нават у крызісныя часы.)
13. 😳 Embarrassment never produces measurable stress reactions in the body. (Збянтэжанасць ніколі не выклікае вымяральных стрэсавых рэакцый у арганізме.)
14. 🧍 Loneliness increases the risk of depression and worsens overall health. (Адзінокасць павышае рызыку дэпрэсіі і пагаршае агульны стан здароўя.)
15. ⏳ Nostalgia always damages emotional well-being and should be avoided. (Настальгія заўсёды шкодзіць эмацыйнаму здароўю і яе трэба пазбягаць.)
16. 🙏 Practising gratitude can strengthen the brain and build long-term resilience. (Практыка ўдзячнасці можа ўмацаваць мозг і павысіць устойлівасць на доўгім адрэзку часу.)
17. 🤐 Suppressing feelings usually raises stress and harms close relationships. (Стрыманне пачуццяў звычайна павялічвае стрэс і шкодзіць блізкім адносінам.)
18. 😨 Sudden serotonin spikes are the main trigger of panic attacks. (Рэзкія ўсплёскі серотоніну — асноўны трыгер панічных прыступаў.)
19. 🎉 Dopamine release fuels excitement, motivation, and effective learning. (Выкід дафаміну падсілкоўвае ўзрушанасць, матывацыю і эфектыўнае навучанне.)
20. 🚫 Mindfulness means ignoring emotions instead of working through them. (Усвядомленасць азначае ігнараванне эмоцый замест таго, каб з імі працаваць.)

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📘 Grammar Theory: Each vs. Every

English	Беларуская
We use each to refer to individual things in a group or a list of two or more things. Every refers to a group or list of three or more things.	Мы ўжываем each, калі кажам пра асобныя элементы ў групе або спісе з двух і больш рэчаў. Every выкарыстоўваецца для групы або спісу з трох і больш рэчаў.
Each stresses individual members of a group. Every stresses all the members of the complete group.	Each падкрэслівае асобнага члена групы. Every падкрэслівае ўсю групу цалкам.
Example: Each one takes turns cooking dinner in the evenings.	Прыклад: Кожны па чарзе рыхтуе вячэру ўвечары.
Each refers to two or more people who share the work.	Each можа адносіцца да двух або больш людзей, якія падзяляюць міжсобку працу.
Every refers to three or more people.	Every заўсёды адносіцца да трох або больш асоб.
We use adverbs such as almost, practically and nearly with every, but not with each.	З прыслоўямі almost, practically, nearly мы ўжываем толькі every, але не each.
Example: Almost every car in the car park was new. Not: Almost each car …	Прыклад: Амаль кожная машына на паркоўцы была новая. ❌ Almost each car …
Example: Practically every house now has at least two televisions. Not: Practically each house …	Прыклад: Практычна кожны дом цяпер мае як мінімум два тэлевізары. ❌ Practically each house …
We can use: each of + pronoun or each of + determiner + noun. But with every we must say every one of …, not every of ….	Мы можам ужываць: each of + займеннік або each of + азначальнік + назоўнік. Але з every трэба казаць every one of …, а не every of ….
Example: Each of us has a bicycle. Every one of us has a bicycle. Not: Every of us …	Прыклад: Кожны з нас мае ровар. → ✅ Each of us has a bicycle. ✅ Every one of us has a bicycle. ❌ Every of us …
Example: Each of the children received a special gift. Every one of the children received a special gift. Not: Every of the children …	Прыклад: Кожнае дзіця атрымала асаблівы падарунак. → ✅ Each of the children received a special gift. ✅ Every one of the children received a special gift. ❌ Every of the children …

📝 Exercise: Each or Every?

👉 Complete the sentences with the correct option: each / every.

(Запоўніце сказы правільным варыянтам: each / every / every one of.)

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1. 🎁 ______ of the children was given a surprise by the magician. (Кожнае дзіця атрымала сюрпрыз ад чараўніка.)
2. 🚗 Almost ______ car parked outside was covered in frost this morning. (Амаль кожная машына на паркоўцы сёння раніцай была пакрытая інеем.)
3. 👩‍🏫 I had a conversation with ______ of the teachers about the new project. (Я меў размову з кожным з настаўнікаў пра новы праект.)
4. 🏠 Practically ______ apartment in the city now has internet access. (Практычна кожная кватэра ў горадзе цяпер мае доступ да інтэрнэту.)
5. 📖 I spoke to ______ of the participants after the workshop. (Я пагаварыў з кожным з удзельнікаў пасля майстар-класа.)
6. 👨‍👩‍👧 ______ one of us has a different way of dealing with stress. (Кожны з нас мае свой спосаб спраўляцца са стрэсам.)
7. 📚 Nearly ______ exam paper contained at least one grammar mistake. (Амаль кожная экзаменацыйная работа мела хаця б адну граматычную памылку.)
8. 👬 ______ of my colleagues congratulated me on the promotion. (Кожны з маіх калег павіншаваў мяне з павышэннем.)
9. 💡 ______ one of these proposals deserves serious consideration. (Кожная з гэтых прапаноў заслугоўвае сур’ёзнай увагі.)
10. 🚴 ______ of the athletes trained for months before the championship. (Кожны з атлетаў трэніраваўся некалькі месяцаў перад чэмпіянатам.)
11. 🎤 Not ______ of the singers could reach the high notes. (Не кожны з выканаўцаў мог узяць высокія ноты.)
12. 👨‍🎓 ______ of the students in this group is preparing a presentation. (Кожны з навучэнцаў у гэтай групе рыхтуе прэзентацыю.)
13. 🚶 I tried to thank ______ of the volunteers personally. (Я паспрабаваў падзякаваць кожнаму з валанцёраў асабіста.)
14. 🏡 Practically ______ household now owns more than one smartphone. (Практычна кожная сям’я цяпер мае больш за адзін смартфон.)
15. 📘 ______ of the books on the list is worth reading carefully. (Кожная з кніг у спісе вартая ўважлівага чытання.)
16. 🏃 Not ______ of the runners managed to finish the entire marathon. (Не кожны з бегуноў здолеў скончыць увесь марафон.)
17. 🎓 Nearly ______ lecture this term was attended by over 100 students. (Амаль кожная лекцыя ў гэтым семестры наведвалася больш як 100 студэнтамі.)
18. 👩‍👧 ______ one of the children showed enthusiasm during the art class. (Кожнае дзіця паказала энтузіязм падчас урока мастацтва.)
19. 📱 Almost ______ device in the office needs a software update. (Амаль кожная прылада ў офісе патрабуе абнаўлення праграмнага забеспячэння.)
20. 🧑‍🔬 ______ of the researchers contributed to the final publication. (Кожны з даследчыкаў унёс уклад у фінальную публікацыю.)

📘 Grammar Theory: Modal Verbs (Advanced)

English	Беларуская
🛠️ Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that express necessity, possibility, probability, permission, obligation, and ability.	🛠️ Мадальныя дзеясловы — гэта дапаможныя дзеясловы, якія выражаюць неабходнасць, магчымасць, верагоднасць, дазвол, абавязак і здольнасць.
📜 The core modal verbs are: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would.	📜 Асноўныя мадальныя дзеясловы: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would.
⚖️ Unlike other verbs, modals do not take “-s” in the third person singular, and they are followed directly by the base form of the verb.	⚖️ У адрозненне ад іншых дзеясловаў, мадальныя не прымаюць канчатка -s у трэцяй асобе адзіночнага ліку і заўсёды стаяць перад інфінітывам без “to”.
💪 Ability & Possibility: Can expresses present ability; Could expresses past ability or polite possibility.	💪 Здольнасць і магчымасць: Can абазначае цяперашнюю здольнасць; Could — мінулую здольнасць або ветлівую магчымасць.
Example: She can solve complex equations easily.	Прыклад: Яна можа лёгка рашаць складаныя ўраўненні.
Example: When he was young, he could run very fast.	Прыклад: Калі ён быў малады, ён мог бегчы вельмі хутка.
🔮 Probability: Must expresses strong probability; Might/May/Could express weaker probability.	🔮 Верагоднасць: Must абазначае высокую ступень верагоднасці; Might/May/Could — слабейшую верагоднасць.
Example: He must be at home — the lights are on.	Прыклад: Ён мусіць быць дома — святло ўключана.
Example: She might be tired after such a long trip.	Прыклад: Яна можа быць стомленай пасля такой доўгай паездкі.
📌 Necessity & Obligation: Must expresses strong necessity; Have to is more neutral; Should/Ought to express weaker necessity or advice.	📌 Неабходнасць і абавязак: Must падкрэслівае строгую неабходнасць; Have to — больш нейтральнае; Should/Ought to — слабейшая неабходнасць або парада.
Example: You must wear a seatbelt at all times.	Прыклад: Ты мусіш заўсёды прыстагвацца рамянём бяспекі.
Example: We should respect other people’s feelings.	Прыклад: Мы павінны паважаць пачуцці іншых людзей.
🚫 Prohibition: Must not indicates strong prohibition; Cannot/May not indicate lack of permission.	🚫 Забарона: Must not указвае на строгую забарону; Cannot/May not — на адсутнасць дазволу.
Example: You must not enter without permission.	Прыклад: Табе нельга ўваходзіць без дазволу.
🙏 Politeness & Hypotheticals: Would/Could are often used in polite requests, offers, or hypothetical situations.	🙏 Ветлівасць і ўмоўнасць: Would/Could часта ўжываюцца ў ветлівых просьбах, прапанах або ўмоўных сітуацыях.
Example: I would be grateful if you helped me.	Прыклад: Я быў бы ўдзячны, калі б ты дапамог мне.
Example: Could you possibly lend me your notes?	Прыклад: Ці не мог бы ты пазычыць мне свае канспекты?
📖 Future & Formality: Shall is formal and often used in legal or official contexts, especially in British English.	📖 Будучыня і афіцыйнасць: Shall — афіцыйнае, часта ўжываецца ў юрыдычных або афіцыйных кантэкстах, асабліва ў брытанскай англійскай.
Example: The company shall provide insurance for all employees.	Прыклад: Кампанія павінна забяспечыць страхоўку для ўсіх супрацоўнікаў.
💡 Suggestions: Shall is also used in questions to make suggestions, especially in spoken English.	💡 Прапановы: Shall таксама ўжываецца ў пытаннях для прапаноў, асабліва ў размоўнай англійскай.
Example: Shall we go for a walk after lunch?	Прыклад: Пайдзем на шпацыр пасля абеду?
Example: Shall I open the window?	Прыклад: Адкрыць акно?

📝 Exercise: Modal Verbs in Context (Advanced)

👉 Fill in the blanks with the correct modal verb: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would.

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1. 💪 She ______ handle this project alone if she really focuses. (Яна можа справіцца з гэтым праектам адна, калі сапраўды засяродзіцца.)
2. 🔮 He ______ be at home now — the lights are on. (Ён мусіць быць дома зараз — святло ўключана.)
3. 😟 They ______ have missed the train, since it left twenty minutes ago. (Магчыма, яны прапусцілі цягнік, бо ён пайшоў дваццаць хвілін таму.)
4. 📚 When I was a child, I ______ spend entire afternoons reading novels. (Калі я быў дзіцём, я мог праводзіць цэлыя пасляабедзіны за чытаннем раманаў.)
5. 🚫 You ______ not enter this laboratory without protective clothing. (Табе нельга заходзіць у гэтую лабараторыю без ахоўнага адзення.)
6. 🛡️ We ______ take better care of the environment if we want to survive. (Мы павінны лепш даглядаць за наваколлем, калі хочам выжыць.)
7. 📖 According to the contract, the company ______ pay employees on the last day of each month. (Згодна з дамовай, кампанія павінна выплачваць заробкі ў апошні дзень кожнага месяца.)
8. 🙏 ______ you possibly give me a lift to the station? (Ці не мог бы ты падвезці мяне да вакзала?)
9. 💡 ______ we start the meeting now, or wait for the others? (Ці пачаць нам сустрэчу зараз ці пачакаць астатніх?)
10. 🌬️ If you invested more time, you ______ achieve remarkable results. (Калі б ты ўклаў больш часу, ты мог бы дасягнуць выдатных вынікаў.)
11. ⏳ I’m not sure, but she ______ still be working on that report. (Я не ўпэўнены, але яна можа ўсё яшчэ працаваць над тым дакладам.)
12. 🛑 Drivers ______ always wear seatbelts, even on short journeys. (Вадзіцелі заўсёды мусяць прыстагвацца рамянём бяспекі, нават на кароткіх паездках.)
13. 🎯 He ______ have already left the office; it’s completely empty now. (Ён мусіў ужо пайсці з офіса; там зараз цалкам пуста.)
14. 🤝 If I were you, I ______ think twice before making that decision. (На тваім месцы я б двойчы падумаў перад прыняццем такога рашэння.)
15. 🔧 This equipment ______ be checked regularly to ensure safety. (Гэтае абсталяванне трэба правяраць рэгулярна, каб забяспечыць бяспеку.)
16. 🌍 In the future, scientists say people ______ live longer thanks to biotechnology. (У будучыні, кажуць навукоўцы, людзі будуць жыць даўжэй дзякуючы біятэхналогіям.)
17. 🎩 The committee ______ meet next Monday to finalise the report. (Камітэт збярэцца ў наступны панядзелак, каб скончыць даклад.)
18. 💬 ______ I close the window, or would you like to keep it open? (Адкрыць мне акно, ці ты хочаш пакінуць яго адкрытым?)
19. 🕊️ We ______ never underestimate the power of honest communication. (Мы ніколі не павінны недаацэньваць сілу шчырай камунікацыі.)
20. 🌟 Life on other planets ______ exist, though the evidence is still uncertain. (Жыццё на іншых планетах можа існаваць, хоць доказы пакуль няпэўныя.)

📝 Exercise. Prepositions in Emotion Phrases

👉 Instruction: Complete each sentence with the correct preposition.

(Інструкцыя: устаў правільны прыназоўнік у кожным сказе.)

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1. She looked ___ him angrily when he interrupted her. (Яна зірнула на яго з гневам, калі ён яе перапыніў.)

a) at

b) on

c) to

2. He still holds a grudge ___ his neighbour for something that happened years ago. (Ён усё яшчэ трымае крыўду на свайго суседа за тое, што здарылася гады таму.)

a) to

b) against

c) with

3. I always laugh ___ her jokes, even when they aren’t very funny. (Я заўсёды смяюся з яе жартаў, нават калі яны не вельмі вясёлыя.)

a) on

b) at

c) from

4. She was really pleased ___ the result of her hard work. (Яна была сапраўды задаволеная вынікам сваёй цяжкай працы.)

a) by

b) with

c) on

5. He often worries ___ little things that don’t matter. (Ён часта перажывае праз дробязі, якія не маюць значэння.)

a) about

b) for

c) from

6. She was proud ___ her daughter’s success. (Яна ганарылася поспехам сваёй дачкі.)

a) in

b) of

c) on

7. They were excited ___ the upcoming trip. (Яны былі ўсхваляваныя будучай паездкай.)

a) about

b) on

c) for

8. He is always jealous ___ his brother’s achievements. (Ён заўсёды зайздросціць дасягненням свайго брата.)

a) of

b) for

c) at

9. She was deeply upset ___ the bad news. (Яна была вельмі засмучаная дрэннымі навінамі.)

a) about

b) of

c) on

10. He reacted ___ anger when he heard the unfair decision. (Ён адрэагаваў гневам, калі пачуў несправядлівае рашэнне.)

a) in

b) with

c) by

11. She often takes offence ___ small remarks. (Яна часта крыўдзіцца на дробныя заўвагі.)

a) at

b) on

c) with

12. They were confused ___ the complicated instructions. (Яны былі збянтэжаныя складанымі інструкцыямі.)

a) by

b) from

c) at

13. I’m grateful ___ you for your support. (Я ўдзячны табе за тваю падтрымку.)

a) for

b) to

c) with

14. He suffers ___ anxiety before every presentation. (Ён пакутуе ад трывожнасці перад кожнай прэзентацыяй.)

a) of

b) from

c) by

15. She calmed down after talking ___ her friend. (Яна супакоілася пасля размовы са сваёй сяброўкай.)

a) with

b) to

c) at

16. They were ashamed ___ their rude behaviour. (Яны саромеліся сваіх грубых паводзінаў.)

a) about

b) on

c) of

17. He looked ___ her with admiration. (Ён глядзеў на яе з захапленнем.)

a) for

b) at

c) on

18. She doubted herself and felt unsure ___ her abilities. (Яна сумнявалася ў сабе і адчувала няўпэўненасць у сваіх здольнасцях.)

a) of

b) about

c) in

19. They were satisfied ___ the outcome of the project. (Яны былі задаволеныя вынікам праекта.)

a) for

b) with

c) by

20. He attached great importance ___ honesty in relationships. (Ён надаваў вялікую важнасць шчырасці ў адносінах.)

a) with

b) to

c) for

21. She felt relieved ___ finishing the difficult exam. (Яна адчула палёгку пасля таго, як скончыла цяжкі экзамен.)

a) after

b) of

c) from

22. He always bottles up his feelings instead of talking ___ someone. (Ён заўсёды стрымлівае свае пачуцці замест таго, каб пагаварыць з кімсьці.)

a) to

b) on

c) at

23. The workers were in despair ___ the company’s sudden closure. (Рабочыя былі ў роспачы з-за раптоўнага закрыцця кампаніі.)

a) about

b) of

c) in

24. She smiled proudly ___ her son’s performance. (Яна ганарліва ўсміхнулася падчас выступлення свайго сына.)

a) during

b) at

c) to

25. He was angry ___ his colleague for taking credit for his work. (Ён злаваўся на калегу за тое, што той прысвоіў сабе яго працу.)

a) with

b) at

c) to

26. They were thrilled ___ the opportunity to travel abroad. (Яны былі ўзрушаныя магчымасцю паехаць за мяжу.)

a) about

b) in

c) from

27. She felt insecure ___ her appearance at the party. (Яна адчувала няўпэўненасць у сваёй знешнасці на вечарынцы.)

a) about

b) in

c) with

28. He reacted ___ joy when he heard the good news. (Ён адрэагаваў радасцю, калі пачуў добрыя навіны.)

a) with

b) in

c) on

29. I was shocked ___ how rude he was. (Я быў шакаваны тым, наколькі ён быў грубы.)

a) by

b) with

c) of

30. She is hopeful ___ finding a better job soon. (Яна поўная надзеі хутка знайсці лепшую працу.)

a) about

b) for

c) in